![]() ![]() ![]() It replaced the National Security Agency’s (NSA's) bulk telephony metadata collection program with a new legal authority whereby the bulk metadata would remain with the telecommunications service providers. ![]() Congress added this authority to FISA four years ago in the FREEDOM Act as one of several significant FISA reforms designed to enhance privacy and civil liberties. The fourth authority-the Call Detail Records (CDR) provision-permits the targeted collection of telephony metadata but not the content of any communications. Although the government has not used the lone wolf provision to date, it is critical this authority remain in the government’s toolkit for the future, as international terrorist groups increasingly seek to inspire individuals to carry out attacks, without necessarily providing the kind of coordination or support that would authorize traditional FISA surveillance. Without the authority, the government could not rely on FISA to respond to those kinds of threats. The “lone wolf” provision was added to FISA in 2004 to close a gap in the government’s ability to surveil a foreign person who is engaged in international terrorism or international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, but who lacks traditional connections to a terrorist group or other foreign power. The government has used these important national security authorities judiciously, with the approval of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC), and in the interest of national security. The business records authority allows the government to collect records, papers, and other documents that are relevant to a national security investigation. The roving wiretap authority enables the government to continue surveilling a court-approved national security target when the target takes steps to thwart the surveillance. These provisions are important in national security investigations and are comparable to provisions available in ordinary criminal investigations. Two of the authorities, the “roving wiretap” and “business records” provisions, have been part of FISA since 2001. Before that, these same authorities were reauthorized multiple times between 20, each time following extensive congressional review and deliberation. ![]() Three of the authorities-the roving wiretap, business records, and lone wolf provisions-have been part of FISA for well over a decade and have been renewed by Congress multiple times, most recently in the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015 (FREEDOM Act). As indicated in the Director of National Intelligence’s letter to this committee, the administration strongly supports permanent reauthorization of these provisions. Send us feedback.Chairman Graham, Ranking Member Feinstein, distinguished members of the committee, thank you for the opportunity to testify today about four important provisions of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) that will expire at the end of this year unless reauthorized by Congress. These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'lone wolf.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Erin Patrick O'connor, Washington Post, 12 Dec. 2013 Byrne and his colleagues printed hats and T-shirts with their own logo for Team 10: a lone wolf, howling into a void. 2022 What ocean mammal is a rare bird but not a lone wolf? - Elizabeth Preston, Discover Magazine, 8 Oct. 2022 Highly-touted quarterback Austin Novesad is currently committed to the Bears for next season, but Shapen appears to be a lone wolf in terms of those with a realistic shot at starting under center. 2023 This year, with Akinjo gone, Flagler is the lone wolf to take charge and be the focal ballhander. Kyle Mizokami, Popular Mechanics, 5 Jan. 2023 The easiest way to defeat Zircon is to sink the ships it is deployed on, and so far, Admiral Gorshkov, is the lone wolf. 2023 The film follows two lone wolf fixers (Clooney and Pitt) as they are assigned to carry out the same job, according to The Hollywood Reporter. Taylor Luck, The Christian Science Monitor, 1 Feb. 2023 One day later, a Palestinian gunman killed seven Israeli civilians outside an East Jerusalem synagogue after Sabbath prayers in a lone wolf attack, the deadliest terrorist attack on Israelis in years. Recent Examples on the Web Science has left behind the era of the lone wolf mutations. ![]()
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